synchronic multifunctionality of the discourse marker hâlâ ('now') from the perspective of (inter)subjectification

adopting a discourse-pragmatic approach, this study examines the synchronic multifunctionality of the discourse marker hâlâ from the perspective of (inter)subjectification. the findings obtained from the synchronic corpus of colloquial persian indicates that hâlâ has proceeded along the (inter)subjectification cline identified by traugott and dasher (2002), der (2010), and degand and vandenbergen (2011). in other words, the semantic change of hâlâ involves increased subjectivity and intersubjectivity. however, semantically, it is more complicated than other discourse markers because it has acquired presuppositional meaning which is beyond the (inter)subjective meanings related to the conventional components of discourse situation.